Applied Maths-Trigonometric & Inverse Trigonometric Function

Published 2022-05-02
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Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

SUMMARY

Trigonometric Functions

1. If in a circle of radius r, an arc of length l subtends an angle of θ radians, then l = r θ

2. Radian measure = π 180 × Degree measure

3. Degree measure = 180 π × Radian measure

4. cos (2nπ + x) = cos x

5. sin (2nπ + x) = sin x

6. sin (– x) = – sin x

7. cos (– x) = cos x

8. cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y

9. cos (x – y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

10. cos ( π/2 − x ) = sin x

11. sin ( π/2 − x ) = cos x

12. sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y

13. sin (x – y) = sin x cos y – cos x sin y

14. cos (π – x) = – cos x                   sin (π – x) = sin x

     cos (π + x) = – cos x                   sin (π + x) = – sin x

     cos (2π – x) = cos x                    sin (2π – x) = – sin x

15. (i) 2cos x cos y = cos ( x + y) + cos ( x – y)       (ii) – 2sin x sin y = cos (x + y) – cos (x – y)     

     (iii) 2sin x cos y = sin (x + y) + sin (x – y)          (iv) 2 cos x sin y = sin (x + y) – sin (x – y).

16. sin x = 0 gives x = nπ, where n ∈ Z.

17. cos x = 0 gives x = (2n + 1) π/2 , where n ∈ Z.

18. cos x = cos y, implies x = 2nπ ± y, where n ∈ Z.

19. tan x = tan y implies x = nπ + y, where n ∈ Z.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. sin–1x should not be confused with (sin x) –1. In fact (sin x) –1 = 1 sin x and similarly for other trigonometric functions.

2. The value of an inverse trigonometric functions which lies in its principal value branch is called the principal value of that inverse trigonometric functions.

3. For suitable values of domain, we have

y = sin–1 x ⇒ x = sin y

x = sin y ⇒ y = sin–1 x

sin (sin–1 x) = x

sin–1 (sin x) = x

sin–1 1/x = cosec–1 x

cos–1 (–x) = π – cos–1 x

cos–1 1/x = sec–1x

cot–1 (–x) = π – cot–1 x

tan–1 1/x = cot–1 x

sec–1 (–x) = π – sec–1 x

sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x

tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1 x

tan–1 x + cot–1 x = π/2

cosec–1 (–x) = – cosec–1 x

sin–1 x + cos–1 x =  π/2

cosec–1 x + sec–1 x = π/2

tan–1 x + tan–1 y = tan–1 (x + y)/(1 - xy)

tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1 (x - y)/(1 + xy)

4. sin–1 x should not be confused with (sin x) –1. In fact (sin x) –1 = 1/sin x and similarly for other trigonometric functions.

5. Whenever no branch of an inverse trigonometric functions is mentioned, we mean the principal value branch of that function.

6. The value of an inverse trigonometric functions which lies in the range of principal branch is called the principal value of that inverse trigonometric functions.

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