Published | 2022-05-31 |
Platform | Udemy |
Number of Students | 3 |
Price | $19.99 |
Instructors |
Vinay Arya
|
Subjects |
Amines
Amines may be regarded as derivatives of ammonia in which one, two or
all three hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
Amines are designated as primary (1°), secondary (2°) or tertiary (3°)
according as one, two or three hydrogen atoms in ammonia molecule have
been substituted by alkyl or aryl groups.
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Amines.
(i) Common System. Aliphatic amines are named by prefixing alkyl group
to amine. Mixed secondary or tertiary amines are named as N-substituted
derivatives of the largest group of primary amine. For example, CH3NH2 is
named as methylamine, (CH3)2NH is namzed as dimethylamine and
CH3NHC2H5 is named as methylethylamine.
(ii) IUPAC System. Aliphatic primary amines are named as alkanamines
by removing the final "e" of the name of parent alkane and adding the
suffix 'amine'.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Amines. The simplest aromatic amine is
aniline, IUPAC name is benzenamine. Most of the aryl amines are named
as derivatives of aniline although some of them are given special names
also.
3. Structure of Amines. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are sp3 hybridized
and amines have a pyramidal shape. Due to the presence of a lone pair of
electrons on N atom, C-N-E (where E is C or H) bond angle is slightly
lesser than 109.5°.
In aromatic amines, because of the electron pair, nitrogen can conjugate
with the benzene ring giving carbon nitrogen bond with double bond
character. Thus the C-N bond in aromatic amines is shorter than that in
aliphatic amines.Amines are derivatives of NH3.